Responder a este mensaje

24.     Indonesia and the UK stressed poverty eradication, efforts to focus 
on the social dimensions of sustainable development; and the rights of 
women, indigenous people, and workers. Sweden supported the suggestion to 
restore the role of the ILO. 
 
25.     A number of governments, including South Africa, Nigeria, and 
Finland supported suggestions on the need to tackle the adverse impact of 
globalization and trade liberalization by creating a new sustainable 
development paradigm, addressing the problems raised in relation to 
industry through stakeholder participation. Hungary highlighted the desire 
for a ìnew global dealî to emerge from the WSSD process. The Netherlands 
and Germany highlighted the power of consumer organizations in changing 
unsustainable production and consumption behavior. Sweden, Austria and many 
others supported calls for gender mainstreaming and analysis, integrating 
the rights of women, and youth participation. 
 
26.     Participants made proposals toward further integration and 
achievement of sectoral and cross-sectoral goals of sustainable 
development, some of which present potentials for future partnerships. 
These proposals included: 
 
(a)     Focusing on poverty alleviation through employment and sustainable 
job creation, (particularly for women, youth, and vulnerable groups), and 
on innovations in science and technology in the areas of water, energy and 
climate change; 
(b)     Developing an integrated set of poverty indicators; 
(c)     Seeking alternative financing measures (proposals for a 
self-financing World Marshall Plan to combat poverty, and for an 
international energy fund); 
(d)     Prioritizing investments in education, training, agriculture and 
capacity building in science and technology, especially in developing 
countries; 
(e)     Building capacity at the community level to enhance local initiatives; 
(f)     Using consumer markets to influence production and consumption patterns;

(g)     Fostering accountable, responsible and innovative partnerships and 
cooperation among all relevant sectors in areas such as mining, land 
ownership, food security, resource management, production and consumption 
behavior, monitoring corporate activity, and corruption; 
(h)     Developing targets and timetables for phasing out harmful subsidies 
that promote unsustainable development; 
(i)     Increasing sustainable energy sources to 5% of total energy use by 2010;

(j)     Supporting sustainable development education at all levels, 
including the development of related curricula, links with vocational 
programs, and databases for pedagogical processes; 
(k)     Increasing support for scientific and research data collection for 
monitoring the Earthís systems; and 
(l)     Increasing representation and participation by youth at all levels. 
 
 
Discussion Group 2: Progress achieved in enabling and promoting 
multi-stakeholder participation in sustainable development institutions and 
mechanisms 
 
27.     Stakeholders highlighted a number of successful multi-stakeholder 
processes. Farmers mentioned two programs in South Africa: the Working for 
Water program that contributes to water security and creates jobs, and the 
use of bio-solids to enhance soil quality. Scientific communities pointed 
to human genome mapping, advances in climatology for effective monitoring 
and prediction of natural disasters, and the Montreal Protocol process as 
examples of successful partnerships between scientists and governments. 
Business and industry noted the Global Mining Initiative and the FAO 
multi-stakeholder dialogues (instituted in follow up to CSD-8 
recommendations) as examples of success. 
 
28.     Trade unions highlighted successful worker participation models 
from Croatia, Germany and other European countries, on occupational health 
and safety. They also shared experience with government-worker partnerships 
in Italy to protect ports from toxic releases from shipping. Local 
authorities referred to the role of local governments in multi-stakeholder 
participation and the steady improvement of stakeholder consultations 
through Local Agenda 21 (LA21) efforts and reported that such efforts now 
exist in over 6,000 localities in 113 countries. They highlighted national 
government support as a key element of success and shared examples from 
Uganda on legal frameworks that support womenís and youth participation in 
local councils. National local agenda 21 campaigns (such as those in 
Turkey, Japan and the Republic of Korea), have demonstrated that LA21 
processes are effective approaches to sustainability and conflict 
resolution. 
 
29.     NGOs highlighted models of participation such as the work of the 
World Commission on Dams that pioneered an effective multi-stakeholder 
decision making process, as well as the Mediterranean CSD, and the numerous 
National Councils for Sustainable Development. Examples of success pointed 
out by Indigenous People included the establishment of the Permanent Forum 
on Indigenous Peoples at the UN, the Inter-Indigenous Forum on Biodiversity 
in the CBD process, the Arctic Council, and the Saami Agenda 21 process in 
Finland. 
 
30.     Women referred to progress in bringing women into the 
decision-making process in Nordic countries, India, France, Namibia, South 
Africa, Brazil and the Philippines, thus proving that gender balance is 
possible where there is political will. Scientific and technological 
communities highlighted the Multi-stakeholder Round on Energy for 
Sustainable Development held in collaboration with UN DESA earlier this 
month in India as an example of successful collaboration between scientists 
and other major groups. 
 
31.     In the dialogue that followed, Denmark reiterated the positive 
experience of the Arctic Council in creating a participatory process; the 
EU pointed to the Barcelona Convention on Protecting the Baltic Sea as 
another example of success, and Turkey referred to its continuing efforts 
to engage young people in decision-making processes. 
 
32.     Brazil, Bangladesh and the Philippines highlighted their positive 
experiences in including major groups in their national preparatory 
processes for the WSSD. Japan pointed out that, with the collaboration of 
ICLEI, a network of 150 LA21 initiatives is in place in the country, and 
that this experience is now being expanded in neighboring countries such as 
China and the Republic of Korea; and announced a symposium on LA21 
initiatives in April 2002 in Yokohama, being organized as a contribution to 
WSSD. 
 
33.     Stakeholders also identified numerous barriers to enabling and 
promoting multi-stakeholder participation and achievement of sustainable 
development, including: 
 
(a)     Weak capacity to participate, lack of access to knowledge across 
borders, and institutional means to empower local communities, 
(b)     Lack of adequate institutional frameworks for dialogue, including 
clearly defined mechanisms, partners, and indications of outcomes, 
(c)     Lack of necessary governmental frameworks that assure a level 
playing field for the expansion of sound businesses, 
(d)     Detrimental policies of the World Bank, IMF and other financial 
institutions; and adverse impact of privatization and globalization on 
rights and empowerment, 
(e)     Diminishing support for small farmers, distortions to international 
trade, drain on local farming communities from armed conflict, detrimental 
effects of subsidies on the farming sector, and growing poverty in the 
rural sector, 
(f)     Growing inequality between and within countries, and the growing 
power and influence of the corporate sector, 
(g)     Inequality in participation among major groups especially regarding 
the influence of business, and lack of recognition of diversity among 
parties involved, 
(h)     Lack of education and awareness about sustainable development issues, 
(i)     Lack of gender perspectives and mainstreaming in national and 
international decision-making, 
(j)     Inadequate attention to work place health, with specific reference 
to HIV/AIDS as one of the most pressing workplace issues of our time, and 
(k)     Use of power to overcome conflict, and inadequate emphasis on peace 
and security as an essential prerequisite for sustainable development. 
 
34.     In response, Belgium agreed with the NGOs that the playing field is 
anything but level in terms of equity of major group participation. The 
Republic of Korea also stressed the key importance of poverty reduction, 
especially in rural areas. 
 
35.     A number of proposals and suggestions for future action were made 
including: 
 
(a)     Giving stakeholders greater role in the decision-making process and 
increasing their institutional capacity in this process; 
(b)     Improving equity of opportunity to participate in the stakeholder 
process including support for the participation of marginalized groups; 
(c)     Formulating a global framework for a convention on participation in 
decision-making, using as a basis existing frameworks such as the Aarhus 
Convention, and several regional initiatives seeking to implement Principle 
10 of Rio Declaration; 
(d)     Encouraging independent monitoring of Agenda 21 implementation 
(such as the Access Initiative); 
(e)     Strengthening the multi-stakeholder dialogue framework at all levels; 
(f)     Setting regional capacity building mechanisms through collaboration 
between major groups and the UN; 
(g)     Promoting a more balanced form of decentralization of 
responsibility in which devolution of power and provision of services is 
accompanied by adequate sharing of resources and authority; 
(h)     The development of ecosystems approach to sustainable development 
planning; 
(i)     Increased ODA and technical assistance to place priority on 
capacity building; and building capacity of peasant organizations to 
participate; 
(j)     Considering financing for sustainable development in the FFD process; 
(k)     Adding good governance as the fourth pillar of sustainable development; 
(l)     Simplification of the UN accreditation process; 
(m)     Developing more user friendly UN web pages to increase access to 
information; 
(n)     Establishing a clearinghouse for dissemination of best practices 
and lessons learned in sustainable development; 
(o)     Creating a multi-lateral framework for production and trade that 
includes the principles of the right of all countries to protect domestic 
markets, the precautionary principle, democratic participation, and a ban 
on all forms of dumping; 
(p)     Canceling un-payable debts of developing countries and abolishing 
Structural Adjustment practices; 
(q)     Enabling closer relationship between the scientific community and 
policy makers; 
(r)     Utilizing the capacity of the scientific and technological 
communities to support governments and major groups in the adaptation of 
intellectual property concepts, and in improving information networks and 
infrastructure; 
(s)     Recognizing core ILO labor standards; 
(t)     Providing the necessary tools to ensure health and safety standards 
within the production processes; 
(u)     Providing political and financial support for a youth conference 
before WSSD; 
(v)     Formulating a UN resolution to facilitate partnership for peace; and 
(w)     Developing programs to prevent violence. 
 
36.     In response, the Czech Republic agreed with local authorities about 
the need for balanced decentralization and further stated that all 
stakeholders should be equal partners and involved in negotiations of the 
WSSD process.  Denmark emphasized the importance of participation of local 
governments in the WSSD negotiation process and stressed the importance of 
continuous brainstorming and solicitation of views of other stakeholders, 
such as the private sector, in creating a global deal framework for 
Johannesburg. 
 
37.     The EU emphasized the need to step up participation of women and 
indigenous people.  It further stated that the business sector has a 
responsibility and must inform consumers of the environmental consequences 
of the products they create. Turkey supported the call of youth for more 
sustainable production and consumption patterns.  It also stated skepticism 
about the regional process and suggested sub-regional approaches. 
Indonesia stated the need to explore mechanisms that translate partnerships 
between major groups and governments, and among major groups, into concrete 
action and emphasized the importance of an action-oriented focus in the 
WSSD process. 
 
38.     Brazil and Sweden agreed that broad participation in 
decision-making processes is essential to guarantee effective 
implementation of policy and projects. China maintained that governments 
should provide a good environment for participation of major groups. Japan 
stressed the importance of networking among major groups to enhance active 
participation. Belgium stressed the importance of sharing experiences and 
nuances in different mechanisms implemented since Rio. Bangladesh and 
Israel supported Hungaryís proposal from the previous day to include 
Educators and Media as additional Major groups. In addition, Israel 
proposed the addition of the advertising sector given its critical role in 
gaining consumer trust. It also supported the spread of public awareness 
and understanding of the concept of sustainable development through 
increased efforts by the UN, and through national plans on education for 
sustainable development developed with the active participation of youth 
and ! 
business. 
 
Closing Plenary: Discussion on New Opportunities for Implementation 
 
39.     The co-chairs of the two Discussion Groups summarized the key 
points made. Major groups elaborated on these summaries by reiterating a 
number of points including the need to: provide sustainable development 
education; increase support for local governments; fund capacity building 
for science and technology to stimulate employment and reduce poverty; 
expand the knowledge base to incorporate traditional knowledge and make 
information accessible in order to create employment, facilitate technology 
transfer, create alternative financing and debt relief solutions; address 
conflicting social values and restructure markets to encourage sustainable 
development behavior; and change unsustainable production and consumption 
patterns. All participants stressed partnership initiatives as essential to 
implementation. 
 
40.     Farmers specifically stressed the need for governments to invest in 
agriculture and ensure access to land and resources. Scientific communities 
emphasized health and the need for more focus on medical research and 
population issues. Indigenous people linked poverty eradication to 
territorial security, economic and natural resource control, and supported 
self-determination of models of development to manage communities and 
recovery of ecosystems using traditional methods. Women stressed the need 
for time-bound targets. Trade unions prioritized workplace partnerships 
based on core workersí rights, with a focus on bottom-up processes to 
ensure engagement in the workplace. NGOs stressed the precautionary 
principle as a sovereign right. Youth called on governments to achieve the 
UN Millennium Declaration goals. 
 
41.     Many supported statements by Tuvalu and Indonesia that the social 
pillar of sustainable development should more fully recognize the human 
spiritual dimension and incorporate ethics and cultural values into 
sustainable development education. In this connection, trade unions 
questioned the ethics of privatization and deregulation. Women and 
indigenous peoples called for closer review of how ODA is spent. Ghana 
raised the issue of biopiracy. Bangladesh supported mainstreaming the 
concept of sustainable development in national planning and expressed 
confidence in the role of the media to help ensure this. 
 
42.     Indonesia and Brazil supported major group concerns on technology 
access, noting that the digital divide must be bridged to ensure equitable 
sharing of benefits from globalization. Japan reiterated a commitment to 
support dialogue networks. Scientific communities stressed that capacity 
building in developing countries requires commitment of all governments, 
and cautioned against the trends of shifting resources from the public to 
the private sector. The EU expressed commitment to work toward improving 
access to information and called on the science and technology community to 
contribute to cleaner technology development, especially in the energy 
sector. South Africa stressed that WSSD should focus on seeking time-bound 
targets and concrete measures for technology transfer, highlighting the 
potential role of the private sector in this regard. Business and industry 
noted that technology transfer is a process. The EU noted the importance of 
including actions by all levels o! 
f government in the plans emerging from WSSD. 
 
43.     Many endorsed stronger interaction between governments and 
stakeholders in realizing outcomes, increased participation of major groups 
in UN processes and strengthening the CSD as the primary intergovernmental 
body dealing with sustainable development. The Netherlands underscored the 
importance of promoting diversity in all three sustainable development 
pillars. Turkey emphasized the need for local partnerships and China 
connected an increase in stakeholder participation to enhanced cooperation 
at the international level. South Africa elaborated a number of points on 
further implementation of Agenda 21, calling for high-level political 
commitment and encouraging debate at the national level. 
 
44.     The following additional proposals were made: 
 
(a)     Promoting cooperation among civil society and governments to create 
initiatives for sustainable production and consumption behavior; 
(b)     Adopting targets and timetables for increased use of renewable energy; 
(c)     Mobilizing partnerships among business and industry, governments, 
labor and civil society to address globalization in the form of tangible 
projects; 
(d)     Recognizing the role of the private sector in sustainable energy 
development; 
(e)     Managing water as a finite economic resource and shared cultural asset; 
(f)     Strengthening the CSD as an institution of global sustainable 
development governance; 
(g)     Building capacity in science and technology through collaboration 
among research institutions, the private sector and governments; 
(h)     Developing action plans to ensure equal access to information; and 
(i)     Placing food security and rural development on the WSSD agenda, 
with a focus on even, just and well-structured markets and investment in 
agriculture, as well as achieving economic sustainability for small 
farmers. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
******************************************************* 
 
AMIGRANSA. Sociedad de Amigos en Defensa de la Gran Sabana 
Direccion: Apartado Postal 50460.Caracas 1050-A. Venezuela 
Tel y Fax  +58 (212) 992 1884 / Tel +58 (212) 693 9480 
e-mail:    AmiGranSa <amigrans@...> 
 
La Sociedad de Amigos en defensa de la Gran Sabana es 
una asociacion civil sin fines de lucro,constituida en abril 
de 1986 para la preservacion, conservacion y defensa del 
patrimonio ecologico -cultural de la Gran Sabana, Parque Nacional Canaima 
(Tierra de Tepuis), la Cuenca del rio Caroni y de todas aquellas areas 
pertenecientes al Macizo Guayanes. De igual manera unimos nuestros 
esfuerzos para que se respeten  los derechos de los Pueblos Indigenas que 
habitan estos territorios ancestrales y apoyamos la defensa que estos hacen 
para preservarlos 
junto a su cultura milenaria. 
 
Nos hemos sumado a esta causa por un profundo amor a la 
naturaleza y porque estamos convencidos que el repeto al mundo 
natural y a las leyes ecologicas, son una de las vias primordiales 
hacia el bienestar y la supervivencia de la humanidad. 
 
AMIGRANSA la integran un grupo de profesionales de 
distintas disciplinas,jovenes, estudiantes y una amplia red de 
colaboradores formada por habitantes de la Gran Sabana, cientificos y 
otros amantes de la naturaleza. El trabajo en AMIGRANSA esta basado en 
el voluntariado. 
 
 
********** 
 
RED ALERTA PETROLERA-ORINOCO OILWATCH 
Coordinacion y secretaria: AMIGRANSA 
e-mail: ORINOCO-OILWATCH <amigrans@...>,&lN;AMIGRANSA_OILWATCH@...> 
 
En el mes de agosto de 1996,la organizacißn ambientalista 
AMIGRANSA- Sociedad de Amigos en defensa de la Gran 
Sabana, promueve  la creacißn  en Venezuela de la 
RED ALERTA PETROLERA (Orinoco-Oilwatch),filial venezolana de 
OILWATCH, organizacißn internacional de resistencia 
a la actividad petrolera en los trßpicos y vigilancia de los impactos 
ambientales y sociales de dicha actividad, nacida en Quito, Ecuador, donde 
se encuentra la Secretaria Internacional de Oilwatch 
 
En la RED ALERTA PETROLERA-ORINOCO OILWATCH, hemos 
considerado prioritario por su urgencia y su gravedad, 
solicitar una MORATORIA a la activid petrolera en areas de alta fragilidad 
ambiental y social; realizar el estudio de la problem÷tica de la zona Delta 
del Orinoco/ Golfo de Paria en el extremo oriente del paàs, en la 
desembocadura del Rào Orinoco, habitat de la �tnia indàgena Warao; las 
secuelas de la 
explotacißn de petrßleo, carbßn y gas en el Edo. Zulia, el resultado de las 
'asociaciones estrat�gicas' en la faja petrolàfera del Orinoco y la 
deuda ecolßgica. 
 
Sus voceros forman parte de grupos ecologistas, de pueblos indigenas, 
instituciones academicas y de investigacion, grupos defensores de los 
derechos humanos, grupos de pescadores y de otras poblaciones locales 
afectadas por los impactos de mega-proyectos petroleros,gasiferos y 
petroquimicos . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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